OCENA VPLIVA JEZA HIDROELEKTRARNE NA DRSTENJE RIB V GORVODNEM PRITOKU
Povzetek
Članek predstavlja kombinacijo modelov za oceno ekoloških učinkov na habitat reke, na kateri je že veriga hidroelektrarn. Načrtovana je zadnja hidroelektrarna v verigi in treba je raziskati njen vpliv na ekosistem reke, pravzaprav na pritok reke pred novim jezom. Novi jez hidroelektrarne bo močno vplival na zgornji pritok z nihanji gladine. Izvedena je bila simulacija pogojev drstitve za dve zaščiteni vrsti rib. Analiza je kombinacija hidromorfološkega modela in modela indeksa habitatov, ki upošteva predvsem globino in hitrost vode, potrebne za reprodukcijo rib. Simulirani so različni scenariji pretoka reke, pri čemer so bili upoštevani učinki spremembe gladine jeza zaradi obratovanja hidroelektrarne. Z novo hidroelektrarno so načrtovani tudi trajnostni ukrepi za preprečevanje negativnih vplivov, ki bi lahko pripeljali do degradacije ekosistema reke in uničenja obstoječega ekosistema na sotočju rek. Rezultati kažejo, da bo po začetku obratovanja hidroelektrarne ustreznost ekosistema padla, načrtovani trajnostni ukrepi pa ne bodo zagotovili povsem zadovoljive rešitve.
Prenosi
Literatura
T. Trobec: Frequency and seasonality of flash floods in Slovenia. Geographica Pannonica, 21, pp. 198–211, 2017
M. Brilly, M. Mikoš, M. Šraj: Vodne ujme – varstvo pred poplavami, erozijo in plazovi. Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo, (in Slovene), 1999
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Hydrologic Engineering Center, HEC-RAS 5.0 Applications Guide. http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras, 2017
A. Akter, A. H. Tanim: A modeling approach to establish environmental flow threshold in ungauged semidiurnal tidal river. Journal of Hydrology, 558, pp. 442-459. 2018
Y. Yi, X. Cheng, Z. Yang, S. Wieprecht, S. Zhang, Y. Wu: Evaluating the ecological influence of hydraulic projects: A review of aquatic habitat suitability models. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, pp. 748–762. 2017
M. Leclerc, A. St-Hilaire, J.A. Bechara: State-of-the-art and perspectives of habitat modeling. Canadian Water Resources Journal, 28(2), 153–172. 2003
R.L. Vadas, D.J. Orth: Formulation of habitat suitability models for stream fish guilds: do the standard methods work? Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 130, 217–235. 2001
B. Ahmadi-Nedushan, A. St-Hilaire, M. Berube, E. Robichaud, N. Thiemonge, B. Bobee: A review of statistical methods for the evaluation of aquatic habitat suitability for instream flow assessment. River Research and Applications, 22(5), pp.503–523. 2006
R. Munoz-Mas, F. Martinez-Capel, M. Schneider, A.M. Mouton: Assessment of brown trout habitat suitability in the Jucar River Basin (SPAIN): comparison of data driven approaches with fuzzy-logic models and univariate suitability curves. Science of the Total Environment, 440, pp. 123–31. 2012
A.M. Mouton, M. Schneider, J. Depestele, P.L.M. Goethals, N. De Pauw: Fish habitat modelling as a tool for river management. Ecological Engineering, 29, 305–15. 2007
A. Zingraff-Hamed, M. Noack, S. Greulich, K. Schwarzwalder, S. Pauleit, K.M. ID Wantzen: Model-Based Evaluation of the Effects of River Discharge Modulations on Physical Fish Habitat Quality. Water, 10, 374. 2018
M. Carolli, D. Geneletti, G. Zolezzi: Assessing the impacts of water abstractions on river ecosystem services: an eco-hydraulic modelling approach. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 63, pp. 136–146. 2017
S. Ceola, A. Pugliese, M. Ventura, G. Galeati, A. Montanari, A. Castellarin: Hydro-power production and fish habitat suitability: Assessing impact and effectiveness of ecological flows at regional scale. Advances in Water Resources, 116, pp. 29–39. 2018
HESS - Hidroelektrarne na Spodnji Savi. http://www.he-ss.si/eng/
U. Schwarz: Hydropower Projects on the Balkan Rivers – Update. RiverWatch & EuroNatur, [https://balkanrivers.net/], 33. 2015
M. Kobold: Comparison of Floods in September 2010 with Registered Historic Flood Events. Ujma, 25, pp. 48-56.(http://www.sos112.si/slo/tdocs/ujma/2011/048.pdf). 2011
I.G. Kollas, S. Mirasgedis: Health and Environmental Impacts of Electricity Production from Hydroelectric Power Plants. A Balkema Publishers: Leiden, 2000
A.M. Mouton, M. Schneider, J. Depestele, P.L.M. Goethals, N. De Pauw: Fish habitat modelling as a tool for river management. Ecological Engineering, 29, pp. 305–315. 2007
V.I. Gertsev, V.V. Gertseva: A model of sturgeon distribution under a dam of a hydro-electric power plant. Ecological Modelling, 119, pp. 21–28. 1999
M. Hammerling, N. Walczak, Z. Walczak, P. Zawadzki: The possibilities of using HEC-RAS software for modelling hydraulic condition of water flow in the fish pass exampled by the Pomilowo barrage on the Wieprza River. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 17, 2, pp. 81–89. 2016
ARSO– Slovenian Environment Agency. http://www.arso.gov.si/en/
INFRA - https://www.infra.si/ (in Slovene)
T. Nagaya, Y. Shiraishi, K. Onitsuka, M. Higashino, T. Takami, J. Akiyama, H. Ozeki: Evaluation of suitable hydraulic conditions for spawning of ayu with horizontal 2D numerical simulation and PHABSIM. Ecological Modelling, 255, pp. 133-143. 2008
P.S. Young, J.J. Cech, L.C. Thompson: Hydropower-related pulsed-flow impacts on stream fishes: a brief review, conceptual model, knowledge gaps, and research needs. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 21, 713–731. 2011
R.M.S. Costa, F. Martínez-Capel, R. Muñoz-Mas, J.D. Alcaraz-Hernández, V. Garófano-Gómez: Habitat suitability modelling at mesohabitat scale and effects of dam operation on the endangered Jucar Nase, Parachondrostoma arrigonis (River Cabriel, Spain). River Research and Applications, 28, pp. 740-752. 2012
A. Garcia, K. Jorde, E. Habit, D. Caamano, O. Parra: Downstream environmental effects of dam operations: changes in habitat quality for fish species. River Research and Applications, 27, pp. 312–327. 2010
I. Močnik: Prikaz ureditev HE Mokrice; HE Brežice in drugi aktualni projekti v zvezi s pregradami, 16. Posvetovanje SLOCOLD, 75-92, http://www.slocold.si/zbornik/Z_16.pdf (in Slovene). 2016
L.B. Maharjan, N.M. Shakya: Comparative study of one dimensional and two-dimensional steady surface flow analysis. Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management,, 2, pp. 15–30. 2016
C.A. Tomsic, T.C. Granata, R.P. Murphy, C.J. Livcha: Using a coupled eco-hydrodynamic model to predict habitat for target species following dam removal. Ecological Engineering, 30, pp. 215–230. 2007
J.T. Hickey, R. Huff, C.N. Dunn: Using habitat to quantify ecological effects of restoration and water management alternatives. Environmental Modelling & Software, 70, pp. 16–31. 2015
N.E. Jones: The dual nature of hydropeaking: is ecopeaking possible? River Research and Applications, 3, pp. 521–526. 2013
N. Caiola, C. Carles Ibanez, J. Joan Verdu, A. Munne: Effects of flow regulation on the establishment of alien fish species: A community structure approach to biological validation of environmental flows. Ecological Indicators, 45, pp. 598–604. 2014
Save the Blue Heart of Europe. https://balkanrivers.net/en/
