Challenges of the Output- Employment Growth Imbalance in Transition Economies
Povzetek
Razmerje med outputom in brezposelnostjo je postalo ključni del sodobne makroekonomije in je poznano kot Okunov zakon. Vendar pa ima povezava med outputom in zaposlenostjo v kontekstu tranzicijskih in razvijajočih se gospodarstev mnogo pomembnejšo vlogo, ker si te države prizadevajo znatno izboljšati dinamiko rasti obeh spremenljivk. Cilj tega članka je analizirati posebnosti te povezave v izbranih srednje in jugovzhodno evropskih tranzicijskih (in nekdanjih tranzicijskih) državah, da bi ugotovili neskladnost med rastjo outputa in zaposlenosti. Zato smo izračunali koeficiente elastičnosti zaposlenosti v odvisnosti od gospodarske rasti. Ocenjeni rezultati kažejo, da v opazovanem obdobju gospodarska rast ni prispevala k zadovoljivi rasti zaposlenosti, kar običajno imenujemo hipoteza gospodarske rasti brez ustvarjanja novih delovnih mest. Na osnovi teh rezultatov si pričujoči članek prizadeva izpostaviti ključne izzive neustreznega ravnovesja med rastjo outputa in zaposlenosti v opazovanih državah in predlagati ustrezne ukrepe ekonomske politike za njegovo zniževanje. Kot najpomembnejši del makroekonomske politike za večjo uravnoteženost razvoja tranzicijskih gospodarstev poudarjamo industrijsko politiko, ki se razlikuje od paradigme “ena velikost ustreza vsem”. V teh gospodarstvih ima prav tako znatno vlogo kratkoročna stabilizacijska politika, še posebej takšna, ki je osredotočena na trg dela.
Prenosi
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