STEM on Demand – Can Current State of Higher Education Infrastructure Meet Expectations?
Ključne besede:
NA-MA, izobraževanje, infrastruktura, razvojPovzetek
Eden največjih izzivov, s katerimi se sooča izobraževalni sistem v Bosni in Hercegovini, je premostitev vrzeli med trenutnim stanjem visokega šolstva in povpraševanjem po raziskavah, inovacijah in učnem načrtu za NA-MA (naravoslovje, tehnika, inženiring, matematika). Visokošolske ustanove se soočajo s slabo infrastrukturo raziskav in razvoja, medtem ko se podjetja spopadajo z omejenimi sredstvi in pomanjkanjem internih raziskovalcev, kar vpliva na njihove zmožnosti izkoriščanja univerzitetnega znanja in raziskav, ki bi lahko privedlo do nadaljnjega sodelovanja in inovacij znotraj NA-MA. Univerze veljajo predvsem za vire bodočih zaposlenih in tudi za vire znanja in inovacij. Cilj študije je podati pregled in sistematično analizo trenutnega stanja znanstvene in raziskovalne infrastrukture ter kadrov v javnih in zasebnih univerzah na območju kantona Sarajevo. To je bilo izvedeno z uporabo primarnih podatkov, zbranih s pomočjo polstrukturiranih intervjujev in obsežnega samoocenjevalnega vprašalnika, s katerimi smo identificirali področja, kjer so potrebne nadaljnje reforme in investicije. Izvedena je bila tudi analiza sekundarnih virov podatkov, kot so veljavni strateški dokumenti in obstoječa vrednotenja izobraževanja. Posledično ima ta študija številne praktične vidike, vključno s priporočili glede politike na področjih, kot so visoko šolstvo, raziskovalna infrastruktura in akademska odličnost, sodelovanje z zasebnim sektorjem in izboljšave informacijske infrastrukture.
Literatura
Belderbos, R., Carree, M. & Lokshin, B. (2004). Cooperative R&D and firm performance. Research Policy, 33(10), 1477-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.07.003
BHAS (online). Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from http://www.bhas.ba/index.php?lang=en
Buganza, T. & Verganti, R. (2009). Open innovation process to inbound knowledge: collaboration with universities in four leading firms. European Journal of Innovation Management, 12(3), 306-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060910974200
Butz, W. P., Bloom, G. A., Gross, M. E., Kelly, T. K., Kofner, A. & Rippen, H. E. (2006). Is there a shortage of scientists and engineers? Issue Paper: Science and Technology (Santa Monica, CA,The RAND Corporation).
Carlisle, D. & Weaver, C.G. (2018). STEM education centers: catalyzing the improvement of undergraduate STEM education. International Journal of STEM education, 5(47), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0143-2
Cohen, W.M., Nelson, R.R. & Walsh, J.P. (2002). Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R&D. Management Science, 48(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.1.1.14273
Colombo, M.G. & Piva, E. (2020) Start-ups launched by recent STEM university graduates: The impact of university education on entre- preneurial entry. Research Policy, 49(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103993
Colombo, M.G., D‘Addda, D. & Piva, E. (2010). The contribution of university research to the growth of academic start-ups: an empirical analysis. Journal of Technological Transfer, 35(1), 113-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-009-9111-9
Council (2009). Council conclusions of 12 May 2009 on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training (‘ET 2020’). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009XG0528(01)&from=EN
EU/CoE (2015). Priorities for the Development of Higher Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period 2016-2026. Retrieved from http://mcp.gov.ba/attachments/bs_Migrirani_dokumenti/Sektori/Obrazovanje/Obrazovanje-strate%C5%A1ki/Prioriteti,b.pdf
EUA (2013). Internationalisation in European higher education: European policies, institutional strategies and EUA support. Retrieved from http://www.eua.be/Libraries/publications-homepage-list/EUA_International_Survey
European Commission (2006). Delivering on the modernsation agenda for universities: education, research and innovation. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/uri=CELEX:52006DC0208&from=EN
European Commission (2012). Rethinking Education:Investing in skills for better socio-economic outcomes. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52012DC0669&from=en
European Commission (2013). Education and Training in Europe2020. Responses from the EU Member States. Eurodyce Report. Retrieved from https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/4cd55a97-854d-4fff-8ebd-3fd3f38ca58a
European Union (2011). Supporting growth and jobs – An agenda for the modernisation of Europe’s higher education systems COM (2011) 567 final. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/education/library/policy/modernisation_en.pdf
FMON (2012). Strateški pravci razvoja visokog obrazovanja u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine od 2012. do 2022. godine „Sinergija i partnerstvo“. Retrieved from http://fmon.gov.ba/Upload/Dokumenti/9fef4cd0-f57a-4b51-aaa0-aaeadd4da691_Strate%C5%A1ki%20pravci%20razvoja%20visokog%20obrazovanja.pdf
Framework Law on Higher Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH, 59/07, 59/09). Retrieved from http://cip.gov.ba/images/pdf/okvirni/Okvirni.eng.pdf
Gulati, R. (1998). Alliances and networks. Strategic Management Journal, 19(4), 293-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199804)19:4<293::AID-SMJ982>3.0.CO;2-M
Hagedoorn, J., Link, A.N. & Vonortas, N.S. (2000). Research partnerships. Research Policy, 29(4-5), 567–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00090-6
Harabi, N. (1998). Innovation through vertical relations between firms, suppliers and customers: a study of German firms. Industry and Innovation, 5(2), 157–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662719800000009
HEA (online). Agency for Development of Higher Education and Quality Assurance of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from http://hea.gov.ba/akreditacija_vsu/Default.aspx
IBU (online). International Burch University. Retrieved from https://www.ibu.edu.ba/
IUS (online). International University Sarajevo. Retrieved from https://www.ius.edu.ba/
Laine, K., Leino, M. & Pulkkinen, P. (2015). Open Innovation Between Higher Education and Industry. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 6(3), 589–610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0259-2
Law on Higher Education of the Sarajevo Canton (Official Gazette of the Sarajevo Canton, 33/17). Retrieved from http://www.cip.gov.ba/images/pdf/zakoni/sarajevo/Zakon_o_visokom_obrazovanju_Kantona_Sarajevo_33-17.pdf
Lööf, H. & Broström, A. (2008). Does knowledge diffusion between university and industry increase innovativeness?. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 33(1), 73-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-006-9001-3
Lööf, H., & Heshmati, A. (2002). Knowledge capital and performance heterogeneity: A firm-level innovation study. International Journal of Production Economics, 76(1), 61-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(01)00147-5
Mansfield, E. (1995). Academic research underlying industrial innovations: sources, characteristics, and financing. Review of Economics and Statistics, 77(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109992
Mohnen, P. & C. Hoareau. (2003). What Type of Enterprise Forges Close with Universities and Government Labs? Evidence from CIS 2. Managerial and Decision Economics, 24, 133-145. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.1086
Murphy, P.K., Firetto, C.N. &Greene, J.A. (2017). Enriching students‘ scientific thinking through relational reasoning: Seeking evidence in texts, tasks, and talk. Educational Psychological Review, 29(1), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-016-9387-x
Oliver, A.L. & Liebeskind, J.P. (1998). Three levels of networking for sourcing intellectual capital in biotechnology: implications for studying interorganisational networks. International Studies of Management and Organization, 27(4), 76–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1997.11656719
Pavitt, K. (1991). What makes basic research economically useful?. Research Policy, 20(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(91)90074-Z
Prados, J. W. (1998). Engineering education in the United States: past, present and future. Retrieved from https://www.ineer.org/Events/ICEE1998/ Icee/papers/255.pdf
Salter, A.J. & Martin, B.R. (2001). The economic benefits of publicly funded basic research: a critical review. Research Policy, 30, 509–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00091-3
Seymour, E. & Hewitt, N. M. (1997). Talking about leaving: why undergraduates leave the sciences (Boulder, CO, Westview Press).
Sithole, A., Chiyaka, T. E., McCarthy, P., Muping, M.D., Bucklein, K.B & Kibirige, J. (2017). Student Attraction, Persistance and Retention in STEM Programs: Successes and Continuing Challenges. Higher Education Studies, 7(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n1p46
SSST (online). Sarajevo School of Science and Technology. Retrieved from https://ssst.edu.ba/UNSA (online). University of Sarajevo. Retrieved from www.unsa.ba
Vicente, N.P., Lucas, M., Carlos, V. & Bem-Haja, P. (2020). Higher education in a material world: Constraints to digital innovation in Portuguese universities and polytechnic institues. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10258-5
Vlada RS (2016). Prijedlog Strategije razvoja obrazovanja Republike Srpske za period 2016. – 2021. godine. Retrieved from http://www.atvbl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Prijedlog-strategije-razvoja-obrazovanja-RS-2016-2021-1.pdf
Wienstein, M., Blades, D. & Gleason, S.C. (2016) Questioning power: Deframing the STEM discourse. Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education, 16(2), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/14926156.2016.1166294
Yanez, A.G., Thumlert, K., Castell de S. and Jenson,, J. (2019). Pathways to sustainable futures: A “production pedagagogy” model for STEM education. Futures, 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.02.021
Zeidler, D.L. (2016). STEM education: A deficit framework for the twenty first century? A sociocultural response. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 11(1), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-014-9578-z