ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES TO THE INTRODUCTION OF BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILISATION SYSTEMS
Abstract
The transition to sustainable energy sources is integral to addressing climate change and ensuring long-term environmental resilience. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) play a pivotal role in this transition, by mitigating the intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. However, the widespread deployment of BESS faces significant challenges, including high implementation costs, environmental impacts, grid stability concerns and battery lifecycle management issues. This paper investigates these challenges systematically through a comprehensive literature review methodology, synthesising insights from peerreviewed articles, conference proceedings and technical reports. Common themes and recurring challenges related to BESS implementation are identified and categorised, encompassing technical, economic, regulatory and environmental factors. Furthermore, the effective mitigation strategies and solutions proposed in the literature are analysed and evaluated for their feasibility and applicability. The findings underscore the importance of innovative approaches, such as second-hand battery modules, sustainable production practices, the implementation of advanced operational strategies, and predictive maintenance algorithms, in enhancing the feasibility and efficacy of BESS integration. Additionally, policy incentives and collaborative efforts with utilities and grid operators are highlighted as crucial for promoting grid resilience and reliability. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the complexities inherent in advancing sustainable energy infrastructures, and provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to address the challenges of BESS deployment in renewable energy utilisation systems.
Downloads
References
N. Jaredson Lilja, H. Björling: Harnessing Hydrogen and Batteries: Hybrid Energy Storage System for Versatile and Profitable Renewable Power Production. 2023
CALIFORNIA ISOa: 2023 Special Report on Battery Storage. Department of Market Monitoring. California Independent System Operator, 2024
CNRA: Statewide Energy Storage Capacity. California Energy Storage System Survey, 2024
CALIFORNIA ISOb: 20 year transmission outlook. California Independent System Operator, 2022
Poyry: Impact of intermitency – How wind variability could change the shape of the British and Irish electricity markets. Summary report, Poyry Energy Consulting (Oxford), 2009
UK National Statistics: UK energy in brief 2021. Department for Bussiness, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 2021
J. Ubertalli: The Impact on System Frequency Stability from Grid Energy Storage Response. PhD thesis, School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering, and Computer Science. The Queen’s University of Belfast, 2020
UK Government: Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) - Energy storage overview (DUKES 5.16). Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 2024
E. O. Ogunniyi, H. Pienaar: Overview of Battery Energy Storage System Advancement for Renewable (Photovoltaic) Energy Applications, International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE), Cape Town, South Africa, p. p. 233-239, 2017
A. R. Dehghani-Sanija, E. Tharumalingama, M. B. Dusseaulta, R. Fraserb: Study of energy storage systems and environmental challenges of batteries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 104, p.p. 192-208, 2019
B. Huanga, Z. Pana, X. Sua, L. Ana: Recycling of lithium-ion batteries: Recent advances and perspectives. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 399, p.p. 274-286, 2018
Y. Kanoria, A. Montanari, D. Tse, B. Zhang: Distributed Storage for Intermittent Energy Sources: Control Design and Performance Limits. Forty-Ninth Annual Allerton Conference, Allerton House, UIUC, Illinois, USA, September 28 - 30, 2011
J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. Portillo, M. M. Prats, J. Leon, N. Moreno-Alfonso: Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 53, p.p. 1002-1016, 2006
F. Wankmüller, P. R. Thimmapuram, K. G. Gallagher, A. Botterud: Impact of battery degradation on energy arbitrage revenue of grid-level energy storage. Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 10, p.p. 56-66, 2017
S. Wankhade, B. R. Patil: Review on role of energy storage system in integration of renewable energy sources in microgrid. 2023
N. Jiao, S. Evans: Secondary use of Electric Vehicle Batteries and Potential Impacts on Business Models. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, Vol. 33, p.p. 1-7, 2016
W. C. Lih, J. H. Yen, F. H. Shieh, Y. M. Liao: Second-use Applications of Lithium-ion Batteries Retired from Electric Vehicles: Challenges, Repurposing Process, Cost Analysis and Optimal Business Model. International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology (IJACT), Vol. 4, Iss. 22, 2012
E. Elkind: Reuse and Repower: How to Save Money and Clean the Grid with Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries. Berkley Law Policy Paper, 2014
D. Dimitrovski, N. Manev, E. Jovanovikj, M. Uler-Zefik: Repurposed EV Batteries Integration in Smart Energy Grids to Facilitate a Greener Energy Sector. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Society and Technology, Kopaonik, Serbia, 2022
A. Soman, A. Trivedi, D. Irwin, B. Kosanovic, B. McDaniel, P. Shenoy: Peak Forecasting for Battery-based Energy Optimizations in Campus Microgrids. e-Energy '20: Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, p.p. 237-241, 2020
X. Fan, B. Liu, J. Liu, J. Ding, X. Han, Y. Deng, X. Lv, Y. Xie, B. Chen, W. Hu, C. Zhong: Battery Technologies for Grid-Level Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage. Trans. Tianjin Univ., Vol. 26, p.p. 92-103, 2020
N. Johnstone, I. Haščič: Increasing the penetration of intermittent renewable energy: Innovation in energy storage and grid management. Energy and Climate Policy: Bending the Technological Trajectory, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2012
Y. Wang, Z. Zhou, A. Botterud, K. Zhang, Q. Ding: Stochastic coordinated operation of wind and battery energy storage system considering battery degradation. J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy, Vol. 4, Iss. 4, p.p. 581-592, 2016
J. Li, A. M. Gee, M. Zhang, W. Yuan: Analysis of battery lifetime extension in a SMES-battery hybrid energy storage system using a novel battery lifetime model, Energy, Vol. 86, p.p. 175-185, 2015
