Frequency of origin: 2 issues per year (April and November) Editor-in-chief and editor-in-chief: Darja Senčur Peček (University of Maribor, Slovenia) Print ISSN: 2386-0219 Online ISSN: 2463-8005 The magazine ANALI PAZU HD is an openly accessible, international journal dedicated to the study of social sciences and humanities. The main purpose of publishing the magazine is to publish peer-reviewed scientific articles with social sciences and humanities, thus informing the professional public in particular about what is happening and novelty in these fields. Particular attention is paid to obtaining articles addressing topics related to Pomurje and the wider Pannotic space and minorities. ANALI PAZU HD: study of social sciences and humanities. Indexing: COBISS.si/COBIB, dLib.si (Digital Library of Slovenia), BIBLIO-B. Licence: CC BY-NC-ND
Združenje Pomurska akademsko znanstvena unija - PAZU
Discrepancy Between Perceptions and Reality in Understanding Food Production Systems
The study highlights the gap between self-assessed and actual knowledge of Slovenian consumers regarding fruit production systems and their purchasing habits. The research, which involved 248 consumers from various demographic backgrounds, revealed that consumers have a poor understanding of the differences between production systems. The largest gap was observed in the organic system, with 91.5% of respondents believing they were familiar with it, but only 52.0% correctly identifying it. For the integrated and conventional systems, the gap was statistically insignificant. The biodynamic system was correctly identified by 46.0% of respondents, the pesticide-free ("0.0 MRL") system by 52.4%, and the extensive system by 39.9%. Gender, age, and place of residence did not significantly affect correct identification, except in the case of the conventional system, which was better recognized by respondents over 30 years old. Most respondents purchase basic food items in stores (75.4%), while 30.3% buy fruit directly from local producers. Despite a preference for locally and sustainably produced food, consumers did not demonstrate sufficient knowledge of fruit production systems.
What Types of Personalisation Are Used in Pregnancy Apps: A Scoping Review
Digital support is a preferred source of information for pregnant women with personalisation being a key selling benefit for pregnancy apps. Pregnancy apps are the most popular type of health app (n= 2,900). To describe the variety and use of personalisation in pregnancy apps. A scoping review was performed using OvidSP databases using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO to identify relevant articles up until August 2017. 1,121 articles were identified after excluding duplicates. Six studies met inclusion criteria (one interview study, one online survey, two app reviews; two studies using critical discourse analysis). Different dimensions of personalisation were described based on Blom’s (2000) definition of personalisation. Personalisation in pregnancy apps is largely determined by the functionality of the app (type of pregnancy app). There are no pregnancy apps that use all of the dimensions of personalisation described in this review. Future research should focus on personalising apps to reach underrepresented populations.
Licensing in the pharmaceutical industry: trends and strategies
The future of pharmaceutical companies is closely tied to their ability to innovate, traditionally achieved within the company. Due to declining productivity in recent decades, companies are shifting toward open business models and external collaboration. Partnerships between large and small industry players facilitate the exchange of ideas, knowledge, capital, and technology, accelerating the development of new drugs. Licensing plays a key role in this, including in- and out-licensing as well as licensing of university technologies. In addition to licensing, mergers and acquisitions are also significant, as different forms of collaboration enhance innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, benefiting both companies and patients.
Community Policing in the Area of the Murska Sobota Police Directorate – Hand in Hand for a Safe Everyday Life
Community policing is a relatively newer, though not entirely novel, approach to ensuring security. This paper aims to present the research findings conducted within the Murska Sobota Police Directorate, focusing on interviews with the heads of police districts in both rural and urban areas of the Pomurje region. The results obtained affirm prior conclusions, indicating that in urban areas, approximately two-thirds of the residents are unfamiliar with the head of the police district. Consequently, mutual cooperation between residents and the police tends to be less effective compared to rural areas. In the conclusion, we explore potential strategies to enhance the current situation in Pomurje.
Strategies for increasing innovation in big pharmaceutical companies
The overall technological, scientific and managerial progress of the last few decades is expected to be reflected in increased innovation and research efficiency in many entities, including large pharmaceutical companies. However, often the opposite can be observed. The efficiency of research and development (R&D), which can also be described as the input-output ratio, usually estimated by the number inhouse developed and launched medicines on the market or published scientific publications and granted patents, has been steadily declining in recent decades in the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, especially in recent years many companies have shown successful resistance to this trend with an obvious increase in innovation, which among other things can be attributed to the improved financial efficiency and the design of new R&D models.
Characteristics of the treatment by prisoners of war and captured members of federal forces during the 1991 independence war in Pomurje
Independence War 1991 in Pomurje is presented in numerous publications. They also contain information of the treatment by prisoners of war and captured members of federal forces and prisoners' assembly points. The paper is based on the survey and analyses of a subject, considering some of the non-clearing matters. At the same time, through an objective presentation, the character of the Slovenian independence war is shown. The paper describes the recall and appeal for the accession of JLA members to the Slovenian Defence Force and terminological embarrassments in relation to international law of war and practice in Slovenia in 1991. The functional demarcation and responsibilities for prisoners' assembly points between territorial defence and the Internal Affairs Authorities is explained. Also, the formation and operation of prisoners' assembly points and centers, with certain specificities in Pomurje, are described. To this is added a comparison of the number of deserted and captured in conflicts in Slovenia and Pomurju 1991 with the indicators of the numerical status. The findings of the survey are followed by conclusions and conclusions. Some of these are as they have not been presented before.
The importance of proper public speaking for effective communication
Contemporary public communication is guided by the basic maxim of the modern world and life, i.e. by speed. Fast messaging often means short messaging, frequently superficial and with a lack of in-depth communication. In the foreground are short messages, which we send hastily, often thoughtlessly. That is why it is even more important that our message is correct and concise both in terms of language and content. Here, an important part is played by the Slovenian literary language, with its nationally representative and unifying role. In this paper, I want to show the importance of quality public communication (correctness, clarity, respect, and meaning of the message). The importance of content and rhetorically appropriate presentation of one’s views are often forgotten on a Slovenian and global scale. Performance can completely override content. In addition, I will present the unity of the Slovenian literary language, which is drawn through phonetic-phonological and orthographic analyses; even the pronunciation of literary vowels is clear and uniform regardless of the regional origin of the representative speakers in Slovenian public space.
Conceptualisation of the covid-19 pandemic and its linguistic realisation in slovene, german and hungarian
In the paper we discuss the conceptualization of the corona virus pandemic as well as the changes that the extralingustic factor of the virus SARS-CoV-2 generated on the lexical level of the Slovene, German and Hungarian language. The corona virus drastically interfered with all aspects and areas of our lives and remains a central topic of (all forms of) communication to this day. It also »infected« the lanaguage/s that we speak and in which we think. Epidemiological offices give recommendations, governments introduce measures for preventing and containing the spread of infections with new virus. Many politicians, medical experts and the media are using military, catastrophic and apocalyptic rhetoric to convey their message, which induced a fear of the unknown, invisible virus in people as well as doubt in its existence and insecurity regarding the consequences of the disease. The insecurity and doubt are further deepened by conspiracy theories, disinformation and fake news (infodemic). This new reality also changed the way we conceptualize and verbalize the pandemic situation. We are witnessing a more or less expected metaphorical framing of the discourse about Covid-19.
A crock or a pot, is that even a question? The prekmurje language from a sociolinguistic perspective
The article is linked to the Prekmurski pisker project. Drawing on the well-known dichotomy language: speach (langue: parole) the paper explores aspects of sociolinguistically conditioned choice and use of language(s) and language varieties (dialects, sociolects, idiolects) in everyday communication. It appoints to communication domains in which one or the other variety is appropriate or predominant. Attention is payed to the power relations between different language varieties that reflect the power relations between their speakers. Further on, the roles of language ideologies and language capital are discussed as factors influencing a person's language choice and social position. The theoretical cues are illustrated by past and present experience of the Prekmurje language in contact with Hungarian and Slovenian high varieties.
Genesis and Operational Characteristics of the Slovenian War of Independence in Prekmurje and Prlekija Region 30 Years Ago
Thirty years after the end of the military conflicts in Slovenia, from 27 June to 7 July 1991, an exceptional number of works were created describing the activities of Slovenian defence structures in Slovenian War of Independence. Also works with views from the opposite side were created and published. Most of the works are commemorative records and testimonials, some are historical works with depictions and analyses of events or even just the presentation of documents. Scientific-research and military-expert analyses are a rarity. The paper shows the findings from the analysis of the characteristics of independence and military action in the case of Prekmurje and Prlekija. In the case of the province along the Mura region it is precisely that the characteristics of the operation of the Yugoslav People's Army are eloquently shown, as well as the specifics of the countering activities of the Slovenian Defence Forces. From this I conclude on the genesis and operational characteristics of the war in the Republic of Slovenia and the intentions to forcibly prevent Slovenian independence. These indicators are in Pomurje region more recognizable than elsewhere in Slovenia.
Copyright (c) 2022 Šteiner https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Geopolitical Consequences of the COVID - 19 Pandemic
As news and reports spread of the new virus from Wuhan at the end of 2019, many compared it to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreaks from 2002 to 2004. Instead of the SARS outbreak, we could compare COVID-19 to the Spanish flu. Similarly, to the Spanish flu, the COVID-19 pandemic did not single out a nation, infecting many and claiming millions of lives. The key economic issue with the COVID-19 pandemic is whether this is simply a bad recession or a wave of economic depression.
Copyright (c) 2022 Raščan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
In this paper, we present a new learning method, coaching, through which both the lecturer and the student successfully completed the activities that were a prerequisite for achieving the goal. The teaching method was supported by various tools. We also present the results and lessons learnt from the introduction of the three tools into the teaching process. Research based on the use of theories is taken from Slovenian and foreign literature, sources and empirical research using statistical methods (two courses: Mathematical modelling and Business economics and management, two years of work: 2019/2020 and 2020/2021). Depending on the time period, the research is retrospective, as it deals with past influences or situations. Based on what has been written, we can conclude that the topic is extremely current, its results will enable lecturers to understand the positive significance in the impact of the introduction of coaching in the field of teaching. The results of the research will enable the institutes to learn about new types of methods that will serve to approximate the activities of coaching in the teaching process.
Copyright (c) 2022 Cajnko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Psychologycal Symptoms of Cooping with Chronic Pain in Adolescent Girls – A Pilot Study
Chronic pain is a recurrent pain that persists beyond the expected normal time of healing, lasting three months or longer. The prevalence of chronic pain in children is about 30%. Longer lasting coping with chronic pain leads to different psychological, social consequences and school absenteeism. The aim of our paper is to establish and investigate psychological consequences of chronic pain in 10 adolescent girls with the average age 14.9 years (SD = 1.9). All of them were examined by the physical and rehabilitation medicine specialist, meet criteria for chronic pain. We assessed their current psychological wellbeing through self-evaluation (The Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale – RCADS, Fear of Pain Questionnaire - FOPQ, The catastrophizing scale –PCS) and parent reported behaviour (CBCL). The adolescent girls reported separation anxiety and more pronounced depression symptoms. They more often avoid physical activity, deal with emotions of fear and think about pain increase through activity. Anxiety and depressive symptoms, somatisation, difficulties in social relationships and copping with stress. We conclude that all participants deal with psychological consequences of chronic pain. The awareness of psychological consequences in long term chronic pain and a detailed assessment are crucialfor planning further psychological treatment and therapy.
Copyright (c) 2022 Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Three leg Chickens and White Horses that are no Horses: Theories and Paradoxes of Anciet Chinese Nomenalists
The present article introduces one of the most interesting philosophic school of ancient China, namely the School of names or the Nomenalist school. In many aspects, their discussions can be compared to the foundations of Western formal logic. However, they follow different approaches: the nomenalist philosophers were namely not primarily interested in the laws of cognition, but rather in its concrete applicability, i.e. in the art of “proper” reasoning as a precondition of precise expressions. The representatives of this school have thus laid stress upon modes of expression and semantic connotations of notions, on categorizations, the structuring and definitions that are written in the form of disputes. Thrugh the analyses of the works written by the three most significant representatives of this philosophic current, the author aims to surpass the prejudices that are still prevailing in Western philosophy and according to which ancient Chinese philosophy was exclusively based upon moral and proto-theological discourses.
he »other«, »different« & »them« - the expression of otherness and diferentness in Slovene and German phraseology
The perception of differentness, otherness and strangeness in a certain language community is often verbalized in form of phraseological units. The phraseology of a certain language is especially suitable for forming ideas about one´s own (national, cultural) identity and its opposite, the otherness. Identity is expressed as a s.c. autostereotype, the perception of the other and different as a non-experiential connotative heterostereotype. The article focuses on German and Slovene phraseological units, that contain an ethnonym and verbalize s.c. ethnic stereotypes: stereotypical opinions, positions and prejudices, that one language community has of another. The methods of cognitive linguistics (specifically prototypical models like the cognitive metaphore and conceptual integration) in combination with a socio-psychological aspect have proven particularly useful in analysis of phraseological units. At the center of the analysis are phraseological units with negative connotation and the question, to which ethnical groups do the Slovene and German phraseology attribute negative qualities.
Crime analysis in the Municipality Puconci with the use of crime mapping method
The aim of crime mapping is a synthesis of the findings of the analysis of the selected security problem and presentation of the findings on clear and transparent maps in order to establish facts and to find proper solutions. The purpose of this paper was to study the case of safety in the municipality of Puconci using the crime mapping method. The graphical presentation of the crime distribution on the territory of the municipality Puconci in the period 2008 - 2012 shows that majority of the crime cases were committed in the populated areas of local communities Zenkovci, Brezovci and Puconci; specifically in the villages Zenkovci, Beznovci, Brezovci, Gorica and Puconci where the crime hot spots and areas were identified. In the local community Mačkovci the analysed crime offences are the most scattered. The most common form of crime are crimes against property, where thefts are far most often, followed by offenses against public order and crimes against human rights and freedoms. This kind of security problems residents rather than with the presence and activity of the police (e.g. police patrols) can solve with increased self-protective behaviour. More attention and cooperation between competent services, such as police, social work centres and other agencies is required by criminal offenses against marriage, family and youth as they interfere with the basic cell of society, i.e., family, and often leave behind irreversible consequences. It can be concluded that the municipality Puconci is relatively safe municipality, with an average of 3-times lower crime rate compared to the national level. Quick response of the agencies, especially the police, and a good social network undoubtedly have a positive impact on the high level of security, in terms of both crime and road safety.
Population policy in Slovenia: From the passive observation to the active mitigation towards sustainable population development
The population policy (PP) of Slovenia and its transition from the second Yugoslavia to the European Union (EU) is analysed in the paper. Recent demographic developments in Slovenia and EU have brought numerous population policy challenges. Therefore, EU has prepared different green papers tackling PP issues. Migration, population ageing and its consequences, adequate pensions as well as the return to the demographic growth and sustainable generation replacement have been more important issues covered. The EU PP developments have been hardly noticed in Slovenia. Consequently, PP paradigm change is necessary in Slovenia. The country needs a shift from passive adaptation to intensive demographic changes to active mitigation of long-term sustainable population development
Innovation aspects of Slovenian manufacturing companies and their managers
This paper deals with several aspects of innovation in Slovenian manufacturing companies. The authors present the results of their research from 2013. The first part of the paper deals with the use of organisational innovation concepts. The authors present the concept of organisational innovation and its meaning. Later they present the frequency use of selected organisational concepts in Slovenian manufacturing companies. The paper also presents the impact of these concepts on companies’ innovation and performance level. The second part of the paper deals with the managers of manufacturing companies and their attitude towards innovation. The key finding is that the manufacturing companies are aware of the importance of innovation processes, while managers’ innovation profile shows that managers actively cooperate in innovation process, but are reluctant to creativity fostering and open innovation.
Structuralism and its Chinese ancestors: Traditional Chinese perception theories and the concept of structure (li)
Before the impact of Western thought which became increasingly strong after the 18th century, Chinese epistemologies were, in essence, structural or relational systems of comprehension. In such a view, the objet of perception are relations, forming a relative fixed structure. In China, the structural approach to comprehension had already been elaborated in ancient times. It has been developed as an abstract model conditioned by the supposition of an existing compatibility between the structures of the external world and those of the human mind. In such view, structural compatibility of the subject and the object of comprehension was the basic precondition of human perception. The structural link between human consciousness on the one, and the external reality on the other side, has been expressed by the term li 理, which was seen as a basic concept of dynamic and all-encompassing structure.
In the articlethe author discusses questions that refer to the tort liability of the state. It is the aggrieved person’s right to compensation for damage caused through unlawful actions in connection with the performance of any function or other activity by a person or authority performing such function or activity within a state or local community authority or as a bearer of public authority (Article 26 of the Constitution). The author presents the tort liability of the state in connection with the right to life, as one of the paramount values of democratic societies.Through case No. Up-679/12, dated 16 October 2014, decided by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, the author underlines that the state is not liable for damages only if it proves that it did everything in its power to eliminate the risk for the life and health of the individuals in the case of a damaging incident.The protection of human life and healthrequires that very strict criteria be employed in the assessment as to whether to exclude the liability of the state.
Working with text in CLIL as an incentive for developing reading skills. A study on teaching history in a foreign language.
Poor reading comprehension resulting from lack of student motivation is a major pedagogical problem. According to constructivist principles, language teaching is based on active use of language in authentic situations. This view of teaching and learning entails different approaches. Content and language integrated learning is gaining traction in Europe and worldwide as an alternative methodical approach. Research indicates a positive effect of CLIL on reading comprehension and the development of reading strategies. This article provides an overview of works by the method of CLIL and presents a case study.
content and language integrated learning
Jeruzalem – a co-existance of a traditional Catholic and New Age sacred place in Northeastern Slovenia
This article shows an example of the power of place in Northeastern Slovenia called Jeruzalem and it studies its nowadays, based on Gebhard Fartacek model, sacred pilgrimage place characteristics which have been appearing since the Middle Ages. It was given its name in 13th century by Teutonic Knights Templar on their return from Israeli Jerusalem. A legend speaks of a symbolic similarity to the Holy Land and Jerusalem they found out. Jeruzalem as a place of power provided a study linked to qualitative interviews and analysed as a social construction of space. The analysis showed nowadays Jeruzalem as a co-existance of diverse spiritualities (traditional Catholic and New Age) and it kept a status of a special ethnological/anthropological sacred place.
The Settlement Structure of the Lower Prekmurje Region in the 17th and 18th Century
This article focuses on the south or the lower part of the Prekmurje Region, which as the Prekmurje part of the Bexin Archdeaconry between 1094 and 1777 was under the Diocese of Zagreb. Beside Hungarian parishes, five Slovene parishes belonged to this part: Dolnja Lendava, Turnišče, Dobrovnik, Bogojina and from 1760 on the parish Beltinci. The emphasis is laid on the latter, namely this article is trying to show the settlement situation and the changes occurred through the 17th and 18th century, on the basis of available and accessible sources and writings. Changes definitely took place, as the Prekmurje Region was exposed to certain dangers, like the Turkish invasions and consequently various diseases. In the 18th century, when Turkish invasions stopped, occurred a calmer period with a higher economic, which caused a gradual increase in population.
With his paintings, Zdenko Huzjan follows and puts himself on the map of the modernism which focuses primarily on the human figure and the state of mind after or before the world’s biggest cataclysms: Jean Fautrier, Alberto Giacometti, Germaine Richier and of course Francis Bacon. Marij Pregelj, Gabrijel Stupica, Janez Bernik and Zoran Mušič are some of the Slovene artists that are similar to Huzjan. Death is closely linked to anxiety, reflected in the life of Huzjan’s homunculi. However, this anxiety is not existential. Huzjan’s creature – the homunculus, represents the syncretism of various images: cephalopods, as drawn by three year old children, human skulls, self-images, shapes of his own skull and similar local Lendava curiosities, the mummified corpse of captain Mihael Hadik, whose image both inspired and frightened the painter in his childhood. Hadik’s corpse is not a real mummy, because it was not created on purpose; it has been preserved so well due to being sunken in the swamp mud for a longer period of time. This form of Huzjan’s creatures has completely different referential points; related in meaning to sculptures that were found in 1976 at the archaeological dig site Lepenski vir, the charred corpses of the Pompeians, Herculaneum and Hiroshima, as well as special specimens from various cabinets of medical curiosities. Huzjan’s images are images that repeatedly return to our world. These images do not belong to this world, yet they are not completely gone. They are images lost in spacelesnees of the okra skies, showing portrait characteristics, characteristics also present in death masks.
Language policy and the academic excellence evaluation
The question of language choice and language use with university pedagogical activities as well as with publication of the scientific research outcomes has been a permanent issue in the debate on evaluation of academic excellence and the related status of the university teachers in Slovenia. Formal support to publishing of scientific reports in a foreign, usually English language which is promoted as a mark of quality of the scientific production (in the system of evaluation of the national research agency) has been disputed on several occasions. In view of the emerging internationalisation of the university sphere, some possible consequences of an inadequately formulated language policy as well as reasons for creation of an expedient relationshps between Slovene and English as languages of high/higher education and scientific dissemination, have been discussed in this study.
Prohibition of competition and non-compete clause
For the duration of the employment relationship, an employee is obliged to refrain from all actions that could harm the employer. This is the so-called employee's duty of loyalty to the employer. An expression of the employee's duty of loyalty is also a prohibition of competitive activity. An employee is already forbidden by law to carry out an activity that could represent competition for the employer, without the the employer's consent. This prohibition only applies for the duration of the employment relationship. In certain cases, an employer has a legitimate interest to prevent an employee from performing competitive activity even after the termination of the employment relationship. This mostly applies to employees who have during their work with the employer gained an insight into certain procedures or practices that are relevant to the competitive capacity of the company. In such cases, the employee and the employer may agree with the so-called competition clause in the employment contract that, for a certain period after the termination of the employment relationship, the employee will not perform competitive activity where he would benefit from the knowledge and business connections gained with the former employer. The article discusses currently valid regulation of the prohibition of competition and non-compete clause, analyses case law related to these institutions, highlights legal problems that arise in their application, and suggests possible solutions.
Prekmurje Slovenes in the Hungarian Raba region and the boundaries of Prekmurje
The Trianon Treaty from 1920 decisively influenced the shaping of Slovenian (then the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes) – Hungarian border by posing the boundary onto the low, untypical watershed between the rivers of Raba and the Great Krka. Thus it curtailed the homogeneous Prekmurian speaking area of nine settlements against the Raba River. The treaty failed to convincingly justify the factors applied for delineation. North of this boundary remained some 7000 inhabitants who used the regional variation of the Prekmurian vernacular. Thenceforth the number of “Raba dialect” speakers systematically contracted to plummet to around 1000 as it was confirmed by the last population census from 2011. As a contrast, the number of self-declared Slovenes remained stable in the last decade and considerably higher compared to the number of the Slovene speakers itself. Beside the changed social relations with scarce possibilities of economic activity, the main factors reducing the numbers of Prekmurian and Slovene speakers were utmost emigration, low fertility, and depopulation.
north-eastern (Pannonian) Slovenian dialects
The Demography Of Less Developed Region: Population Decline In Pomurje And Population Ageing
Pomurska region has been the most stable region in Slovenia since the early 1950s due to geopolitical reasons. Therefore, it is very good case for regional demographic study. The population of the region has declined by around 11 % since the middle of the 20th century while the population of Slovenia has increased by around 37 % in the same period. However, general population development has been surprisingly similar in both units studied in the paper. Modern demographic regime has prevailed in Pomurska region and Slovenia since the 1950s. Fertility differences have been relatively small between the region and the state. More important have been mortality and migration differences which have caused most of the differences in the population growth. Pomurska region and Slovenia have experienced profound population ageing in spite of the fact that the process has been stronger in the region. The population decline in the region has not destabilized yet the most basic relations between age groups of children, working adults and older population.
Influence of the psychical well-being on the basis of the requisite personal holism of employees on effectiveness of the organization and the way out from the current crisis
The contemporary world is in a deep crisis. The way out from it depends on personal requisite holism. Therefore, along with the organization (including its effectiveness and HRM) the core of this research is the human as employee having capabilities, knowledge, skills and personal attributes and marked with motivation, will, values and other emotions. On this base the human tries to realize one's personal sense of life, including one's role of an employee. Although one's work gives to the human one's identity, self-respect, social support and material rewards, one's work is not one's only role in one's life; one's roles as a partner, parent, relative, friend, neighbor matter equally. Every role causes also duties to be realized as optimally as possible in line with the established social norms.
Constitutional aspects of the price control of petroleum products
Due to noticeable price increases and corresponding volatility of oil and gas in recent years, public and political interest as concerns a stable provision of propellants augmented substantially. Such price fluctuations affect not only national economies but also actions of consumers. Relevant stakeholders on the market freely determine retail price of petroleum products in many countries. Nevertheless, it is quite common that the public and, consequently, politicians reject an option for dynamic price changes. This is often in stark contrast with a general policy and 92 ANALI PAZU HD, let. 2, 2/2016, 91‒111 Saša Zagorc guidelines of national competition regulators that an authoritative intervention in process of price determination is not necessary. Slovenia belonged for a long time to the group of countries with price control of petroleum products for end users despite the principled stance on free enterprise and free economic initiative. In this regard, author would like to establish an appropriate methodological approach, in line with the case law of the ECrtHR and the Constitutional Court, for a review of constitutionality and legality of executive measures. Author also assessed if the Government fully respected the principles of legality, foreseeability and strict proportionality of executive measures for price control of petroleum products.